1、爱因斯坦
AlbertEinsteinwasaGerman-bornphysicist,althoughmostpeopleprobablyknowhimasthemostintelligentpersonwhoeverlived.In1999,‘Time’magazinenamedEinsteinasthePersonoftheCentury.HewontheNobelPrizeforPhysics.Hewentontopublishover300scientificpapers.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是一名德国物理学家,尽管绝大部分人都认为他是世界上最聪明的人。1999年,时代周刊把爱因斯坦评为了世纪人物。1921年,他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。他出版了300多篇科学论文。
2、威廉·亨利·盖茨
WilliamHenryGatesIIIwasbornonOctober28,1955.Heisoneoftheworld'srichestpeopleandperhapsthemostsuccessfulbusinessmanever.Heco-foundedthesoftwaregiantMicrosoftandturneditintotheworld’slargestsoftwarecompany.‘Time’magazinevotedGatesasoneofthebiggestinfluencesofthe20thCentury.
威廉·亨利·盖茨三世出生于1955年10月28日。他是全球巨富之一,也是有史以来最成功的商人之一。他是软件巨头微软的联合创始人之一,并将其转变为全球最大的软件公司。时代杂志将他评为20世纪最具影响力的人物之一。
3、J.K.罗琳
J.K.Rowlingisthepennamesheusesasawriter.TheJisforJoanne,herrealfirstname,butshepreferstobecalledJo.SevenPotternovelslaterandRowlingisoneoftherichestwomenintheworld.Infact,sheisthefirstnovelistevertobecomeabillionairefromwriting.
J.K.罗琳是她作为作家的笔名。“J”是乔安妮的缩写,她真名中的第一个名字,但她更愿被叫做乔。七部哈利·波特小说出版后,罗琳成为世界上最富有的女人之一。事实上,她是有史以来第一位因为写作成为百万富翁的作家。
4、沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特
WolfgangAmadeusMozartlivedbetween1756and1791.Heisoneofthemostfamouscomposersevertolive.YoucanhearhismusicalmosteverywheretodayCinTVcommercials,movies,mobilephoneringtones,andofcourseconcerthalls.Hecomposedover600worksrangingfromsymphonies,pianoconcertos,operasandchoralmusic.
沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特出生于1756年,去世于1791年。他是历史上最为知名的作曲家之一。如今,你几乎能够在全球所有地方听到他的音乐,电视广告、电影、手机铃声,当然还有在音乐厅。他一生创作了600多部作品,包括交响乐、钢琴协奏曲以及合唱曲。
5、巴勃罗·毕加索
PabloPicasso(1881C1973)isprobablyoneofhistory’smostfamousnames.HewasaSpanishpainterandsculptorandperhapsthemostrecognizedfigureintwentieth-centuryart.HeisbestknownforstartingtheCubiststyle.AmonghismostfamousworksisthepaintingoftheGermanbombingoftheSpanishcityofGuernicaduringtheSpanishCivilWar.
巴勃罗·毕加索(1881-1973)是历史上最知名的人物之一。他是西班牙画家,雕刻家,也或许是20世纪艺术界最响亮的人物。他开创了立体主义绘画。画作《格尔尼卡》是他的代表作之一,作品讲述了西班牙内战时期,德军对西班牙城市格尔尼卡的轰炸场面。
爱因斯坦
AlbertEinsteinwasatheoreticalphysicist.Hewastheformulatorofthespecialandgeneraltheoriesofrelativity.Inaddition,hemadesignificantcontributionstoquantumtheoryandstatisticalmechanics.WhilebestknownfortheTheoryofRelativity,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffectin1905.Forhismanycontributions,Einsteiniswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatestphysicistswhoeverlived.Inpopularculture,thenameEinsteinhasbecomesynonymouswithgreatintelligenceandgenius.
马丁路德金
MartinLutherKing,Jr.isablackchurchmanwholivedinthe1900s.Negroeswerethoughttobebadatthattime.Bornin1929,MartinLutherKinghadadreamtochangehisfortune.Hegavelotsofspeechesabouttherightofnegroesaswellassuggestednewlaws.ItisclearthatnotonlyhislawsbutalsohisbraveryhasbeenalreadyrememberedbytheAmericans.He'stheherooftheUnitedStates.
Confucius
Twenty-fivehundredyearsagolifeinChinawasveryhard.Mostofthepeoplewerehopelesslypoor.IntothesetimesoneofChina'sgreatleaderswasborn.HewasConfucius.Confuciuscamefromanoblefamily,buthisparentswerepoor.HisfatherdiedwhenConfuciuswasonlythreeyearsold.Theboywasagoodandobedientsontohismother.Hegrewuptobequiet,thoughtful,andstudious.AsConfuciuswatchedthepeoplearoundhim,hebecameeagertohelpthem.Atlasthelefthisfamilyandstartedouthisstudentstobehonestandkind,andtohonortheirparents.Hetaughtthemthatagoodmanneverletshimselfgetangry.Manyofhissavingsweregatheredtogetherandwrittendown.OneofhisfamoussavingsisDonotdotootherswhatyoudonotwishotherstodotoyou.Foryearshewanderedfromprovincetoprovincespreadinghisideastoallwhowouldlistentohim.
LuXun(pseud.ofZhouShuren,1881-1936)wasbornonSeptember25,1881inShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince.HewastaughtChineseclassicsbyaprivatetutor.In1898heenteredSouthChinaNavalAcademyinNanjingbutwassoontransferedtotheSchoolofMiningandCivilEngineeringaffiliatedwithSouthChinaMilitaryAcademy.In1902hewenttoJapantostudymedicineatSendaiMedicalCollege.Hebrokeoffhismedicalstudiesandturedtowritingliteraturein1906.HetranslatedvariousRussianliteraryworksintoChineseandwasenthusiasticaboutDarwinismandotherWesternsocialdiscourses.In1909hereturnedtoChinaandwasappointedheadmasterofanormalschoolinShaoxingafterthe1911Revolution.In1920hebeganteachingatbothBeijingUniversityandBeijingNormalUniversity.In1927hebecameaprofessoratXiamenUniversityandthenZhongshanUniversity;buthequicklyresignedfromhispostsandsettledinShanghaitolivebyhispen.HediedoftuberculosisinShanghaionOctober19,1936.Hewasaccordedthehonorofthenationalsoulathisfuneral.HismajorworksincludeThePowerofMaraPoetry,AMadman;sDiary,MyViewsonChastity,TheTrueStoryofAhQ,KongYiji,MyOldHome,ABriefHistoryofChineseFiction,NewYear'sSacrifice,RegretforthePast,RussianFairyTales,Gogal'sDeadSouls,etc.
TheCentury’sGreatestMinds
AlbertEinstein
本世纪最伟大的智者
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
Thescientifictouchstonesofthemodernage——theBomb,spacetravel,electronics,Quantumphysics——allbearhisimprint.
原子弹、太空旅行、电子学、量子物理这些现代科学的代表都有赖于他的影响。
Einsteinhadconjuredthewholebusiness,itseemed.Hedidnotinventthe“thoughtexperiment”,butheraisedittohighart.Imaginetwins,wearingidenticalwatches;onestayshome,whiletheotherridesinaspaceshipnearthespeedoflight…littlewonderthatfrom1919,Einsteinwas——andremainstoday——theworld’smostfamousscientist.
爱因斯坦好象改变了所有的事情。他没发明什么“思维的实验”,但他将其提升到新高度:试想一对双胞胎,带着相同的手表;一个呆在家里,同时另一个在飞船中以近光速运动……毫无疑问,自从1919年至今,爱因斯坦一直是世界最知名的科学家。
InhisnativeGermanyhebecameatargetforhatred.AsaJew,aliberal,ahumanist,aninternationalist,heattractedtheenmityofrationalistandanti-semites.Hiswasnowapowerfulvoice,widelyheard,alwaysattendedto,especiallyafterhemovedtotheU.S.Heusedittopromotezionism,pacifism,inhissecret1939lettertoFranklinD.Roosevelt,theconstructionofauraniumbomb.
在他出生的德国,他成为了仇恨的对象。作为一个犹太人,一个自由主义者,一个人道主义者,一个国际主义者,他招致了民族主义者和反犹太者的敌意。他的声音当时是有影响力的,广泛传播且被重视的,尤其在他到了美国之后。他用它去提倡以色列的犹太人复国主义,和平主义和建造原子弹(在他39年给罗斯福的密信中)。
Meanwhile,likeanydemigod,hemadebitsoflegend:thathefailedmathinschool(nottrue).Thatheopenedabookandfoundanuncashed$1,500checkhehadleftasabookmark(maybe---hewasabsentmindedabouteverydayaffairs).Thathewascarelessaboutsocks,collars,slippers…thathecouldn’tevenrememberhisaddress:112MercerStreetinPrinceton,wherehefinallysettled.
同时,像每个名人一样,他制造了一些传闻;在学校中数学不及格(八成不是真的)。他翻开书却发现一张没兑现的$1500的支票被当成书签扔在里面(或许他对日常的事务心不在焉)。他不在意自己的袜子,领口和拖鞋……甚至他想不起自己最后定居的住址:普林斯顿莫色尔大街112号。
Hediedtherein1955AndaftertherestofEinsteinhadbeencremated,hisbrainremained,soakingfordecadesinajarofformaldehydebelongingtoDr.ThomasHarvey.NoonehadbotheredtodissectthebrainofFreud,StravinskyorJoyce,butinthe1980s,bitsofEinsteiniangraymatterweremakingtheroundsofcertainneurobiologists,whothuslearned…absolutelynothing.Itwasjustabrain——thebrainthatdreamedaplasticfourthdimension,thatbanishedtheether,thatreleasedthepinsbindingustoabsolutespaceandtime,thatrefusedtobelieveGodplayeddice.
1955年他死在那里。当他身体其余部分被火化后,他的大脑被保存起来,在一瓶甲醛中侵了几十年,现属于托马斯博士。没人费心去解剖弗洛伊德、斯特拉文斯基或乔伊斯的大脑,但在80年代,一些神经生物学家为搞清爱因斯坦的一些灰质大费周折,但最后一无所获。那只不过是一个大脑,它想象了一个可伸缩的第四维度,它推翻了以太说,它使我们从绝对时空的束缚中解脱出来,它拒绝相信上帝在抛骰子。
InembracingEinstein,ourcenturytookleaveofaprioruniverseandanerstwhileGod.ThenewversionswerenotsorigidanddeterministicastheNewtonianworld.Einstein’s.Godwasnoclockmaker,buttheembodimentofreasoninnature.ThisGoddidnotcontrolouractionsorevensitinjudgmentonthem.(“Einstein,stoptellingGodwhattodo,”NielsBohrFinallyretorted.)ThisGodseemedratherkindlyandabsentminded,asamatteroffact.Physicswasfree,andwetooarefree,intheEinsteinuniversewhichiswherewelive.
因为信奉了爱因斯坦,我们的世纪告别了原有的宇宙和上帝。新的宇宙和上帝不再那么刻板、僵硬,象牛顿的世界那样。爱因斯坦的上帝不是钟表匠而是自然定律的化身。这个上帝不控制我们的行动,更不对其加以判决。(“爱因斯坦,别再管上帝该干什么。”玻尔最终反驳道)这个上帝实际上似乎有些和善,心不在焉。在这个爱因斯坦的宇宙中,在这个我们生息繁衍的宇宙中,物理学没有了束缚,我们也没有了束缚。