求帮写一篇英语讲稿，介绍一位中国的历史人物，要求三分钟左右

LiuBang-FounderofTheHanDynasty

ByKevin

Mar,20,2005

1Introduction

EmperorGaozu,alsoknownunderthenameLiuBang,wasthefirstemperoroftheHanDynasty(206BC-24AD).HewasbornintoapeasantfamilyinPei(presentPeiCountyinJiangsuProvince),andwasonceoneoftheleadersofthepeasantinsurrectionsinthelateQinDynasty(221-206BC).1

Havingsufferedalotunderthedespoticrule,LiuBangroseagainstitattheendoftheQinDynastytogetherwithXiangYu.Thetwoofthembecametwoimportantleadersofthepeasantuprisingswhichweretakingplaceatthetime.In206BC,LiuBangstartedbybreakingthecapitalcityofQin,Xianyang,thusputtinganendtothenotoriousQinDynasty.Heabandonedtheharshlaws,reducedtaxesandinstitutedthreeregulationsinordertoprotecttheinterestsofnormalpeople.Theseactionsmadehimpopularwiththepeople.

However,LiuBang'sactionsandfamewerethesourceofXiangYu'senvy.XiangYuhadtheintentionofbecominganemperorwithcontrolovertheentirecountry.WhenXiangYuproclaimedhimselftheKingofChu,LiuBangrealizedthathewasinferiortoXiangyuandadoptedthesuggestionsofXiaohetomovetoHanzhong(presentHanzhonginShaanxiProvince)withthetitleKingofHanwhichwasconferredbyXiangyu.InHanzhong,LiuBangfocusedhiseffortsondevelopingtheagricultureandtraininganarmy,throughwhichhereinforcedhismaterialaccumulationandmilitarypower.Beforelong,LiuBangleftHanzhongandstationedintheCentralShanxiPlain,wherehelaunchedawarnowknownastheChu-HanWar,againstXiangyu.Thewarlastedfouryears(206-202BC)andendedwithLiuBang'svictory.HavingdefeatedXiangyu,LiuBangestablishedtheHanDynastyin202BCandmadeChang'an(presentcityofXian)hiscapitalcity.LiuBangbecamehistoricallyknownasEmperorGaozu.

DuringthetimeLiuBangwasinpower,hecontinuedtousethecentralismcreatedbyQin,replacedoriginalvassalsandgrantedlandstohisrelatives.Ineconomy,hereducedtaxesanddevelopedagriculture,butherestrictedthecommerce.EmperorGaozu'seffortslaidasolidfoundationfortheoverfour-hundred-yearreignoftheHanDynasty.

2Whatqualificationsmakehimaleader?

LiuBangisbroad-mindedman,andwellknownforhisgenerosityandwillingnesstohelpothers.Hewasnotgoodatfightinginthebattlefieldorplanningthestrategy.Butheknewhisfollowersclearly,andappointedthemtothemostsuitablepositionsandgavethemthepowertheyneed.

Onthecontrary,Hismostformidableopponent,ageneralnamedXiangYU,isarrogantandblindnesstomenofability.XiangYucaninviteanyonehewantedtohiscamps,buthewasstingyinrewards.Whenrewardscame,LiuBangwouldgivepeopletheirfairshare.Thus,manypeoplewenttoXiangYuinthebeginning,butleftforLiuBang.ThisallowedLiuBangtowin.

XiangYuhadareputationforcourageandmagnanimity,buthewasincapableofemployingwisegenerals;whensomeonedidrenderservicehehesitatedtocompensatehimwithafief.Insteadheawardedhisfavorites.Withthishewassowingtheseedsofhisdestruction.

Forexample,HanXin,oneofthemostimportantgeneralofLiuBang,hadbeenanofficerunderXiangYu.Disappointedbecausehisplanswererejected,HanXinleftXiangYuandjoinedLiuBang'scamp.LiuBangchoseanauspiciousday,analtarwasbuilt,andtotherollofdrumsHanXinwaspresentedwiththesealandcertificategivinghimpoweroverthearmy.ThenhedirectedthetroopstodefeatXiangYu.Furthermore,YingBuandPengYue,whowerebothpowerfulwarlord,leftXiangYuandjoinedLiuBang,causingXiangYutolosehispowerintheeast.

Inaword,LiuBangwasnotagoodfighter,butagoodleader;whileXiangYuwasagreathonorablefighterbuthewasn'tagreatleader.

3whatchallengesdidheconfront,andhowdidheovercomethesechallenges?

ThebiggestchallengethatLiuBangconfrontedisthewaragainstXiangYu.Atthattime,LiuBangisinferiortoXiangYu.HeknewclearlythatifhefightswithXiangYufacetoface.SohefollowedtheorderofXiangYuandretreatedtoaremotecountrysideandfosteredhisstrengthsecretly.InordertogainthetrustofXiangYu,heevenburntheonlywayfromtheareaheruledtotheoutside,meaningthathewillnotgooutandfightagain.Thetrickworked,andXiangYudidn’tpayanyattentiontohimanymore.Thenhefocusedhiseffortsondevelopingnewagriculturalmethodsforthepeopleandtrainedhistroops.Heaccumulatedvastwealthandusedittoincreasehismilitarypower.Whenhewasready,hemarchedoutanddefeatXiangYufouryearslater.Fromtheexamplewecanseethatheisagoodleaderbecauseheknowsthesituationclearlyandmakestherightstrategicdecision.

4Leadershipstyle

Therearemanykindsofleadershipstyles.Twoofthemostextremekindsaretheautocratandthedemocraticmethod.Theleadershipstyleshouldadjusttotheparticularcircumstance.Evenwithinthesameorganization,thesituationcouldchangefromtimetotime,andtheleadershipstyleshouldchangeaccordingly.WecanseeclearlyfromtheexampleofLeonardDSchaeffer,whoistheCEOofBlueCrossofCalifornia.Hisleadershipstylechangedfromautocratictoparticipativeandtoareformeraccordingtotheinternalandexternaloftheorganization.2LiuBangdiddo,too.WhenhewasfightingagainstQinDynastyandXiangYu,hewasaparticipativeleader.Hetrustedhisfollowersandappointedthemtothebestposition.Hejustmadesomeimportantdecisions.Heknowstheimportanceoflettinggo.

Whenhebecametheemperor,hisleadershipstylechangedtoautocratic.Hedidn’ttrusthisfollowersasmuchashedidbefore.Hewasalwaysafraidthatthosepeoplewillbetrayhimandrebel.Soheseizedthepowertohimselfandbecameanautocraticleader.Routingloyalgeneralsfromhisfiefdomsandreplacedthemwithhisownrelatives.3Hetriedtomakeeverydecision,bigorsmall.Andhewassoafraidoftherebelandarrestedandkilledmanyofhisfaithfulfollowers,whichsowedtheseedofthecollapseoftheempire.

5Whatlessonscanwelearnformhim?

Therearethreelessonswecanlearnfromhim.

Firstly,agoodleadershouldknowhisfollowersverywellandmakethebestoftheirabilities.Theleadercan’tbe,andshouldn’tbe,anexpertineverything.Heshouldknowthestrongpointandshortcomingofhisfollowersandgivethemthebestpositionsuitableforthem.

Secondly,agoodleadershouldbefaretohisfollowers.Heshouldencouragethegoodpeopleandpunishthebadonesaccordingtotheirperformance,nottohisownwill.Ifhefailstodoso,thegoodoneswilllosetheimpetusandthebadoneswillremainbad.Themoraloftheteamwilldropdramatically.

Lastly,agoodleadershouldlearntodealwithcrisis.Beforeacrisis,agoodleaderisextremelyimportant.Ifhestayscalmandmadesomerightdecision,thegroupwillstaycalmandruneffectively.Ifnot,thegroupwillmalfunctionandmuchlosswilloccur.JustasJeffreyW.Greenbergsaidinthearticle“September11,2001,aCEO’sStory”,“Inatimeofcrisis,thereissomethingreassuringabouthearingthevoiceofapersoninapositionofauthority,eveniftheinformationbeingprovidedisscant.”4LiuBangdidwell.Onceuponatimeinabattle,hewasshotbyanarrowinthechestandfelldownthehorse.Hissoldersweresonervousandbegantopanic.He,asagoodleader,knewtheimportancetostaycalmbeforehisman,triedtogetupandpretendnothingserioushappened.Hesaid:“Iwashurtinthetoes,nobigdeal!”Thesoldersgotrelievedwhenhearinghiswords.Thesituationwasundercontrolagain.Ifhefelldownanddidn’tgetupintime,thetroopwouldprobablyretreat.So,it’simportforagoodleadertobehavecalmlyandwiselyinacrisis.

Theliubangisa...........