乔治·理查兹·迈诺特(GeorgeRichardsMinot,1885年12月2日-1950年2月25日)。美国医生。生于马萨诸塞州波士顿,卒于马萨诸塞州布鲁克林。迈诺特是哈佛大学的学生和研究生,1912年取得医学学位。
基本资料
中文名:乔治·理查兹·迈诺特
外文名:GeorgeRichardsMinot
国籍:美国
出生日期:1885年12月2日
逝世日期:1950年2月25日
毕业院校:哈佛大学
职业:医生
主要成就:1934年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
人物生平
美国医生。1885年12月2日生于马萨诸塞州波士顿;1950年2月25日卒于马萨诸塞州布鲁克林。迈诺特是哈佛大学的学生和研究生,1912年取得医学学位。一度在约翰斯·霍普金斯大学工作,后于1915年又回到波士顿。象他父亲、叔叔和祖父一样在马萨诸塞州总医院和彼得·本特·布里格姆医院工作。迈诺特对血液病特别是恶性贫血有兴趣。患此疾病时红血球数目进行性下降,常能危及生命。早在二十年代初期惠普尔曾报道过食用食物中的肝脏可以显著提高贫血病人红细胞数量的许多试验(尽管未涉及到恶性贫血)。这些报道对迈诺特有很大启发。迈诺特已确定恶性贫血是由于缺乏维生素引起的营养缺乏病,因为这种病常伴有胃液中缺少盐酸。由于消化功能减退,导致某种维生素的吸收量低于正常。这并不影响贫血病人的食谱中食用肝脏,因为已经了解肝脏内含有丰富的维生素。1924年迈诺特与其助手墨菲开始对恶性贫血病人用进食肝疗法。到1926年共观察了45例,取得了惊人的疗效。自此以后,恶性贫血病就已成为了一种众人皆知的可治之病。在某种意义上迈诺特是对医学上还了一笔债,因为他自己患糖尿病,若不是班廷分离出胰岛素及时的挽救了他的生命,他肯定会早死。
1928年迈诺特任哈佛大学医学院教授。1934年与惠普尔(GeorgeHoytWhipple,1878-1976)、墨菲(WilliamParryMurphy,1892-1987)三人共获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。迈诺特关于恶性贫血的病因是某种维生素缺乏的设想是十分正确的,在其后二十年已被福克斯等人所证实。
英文介绍
GeorgeRichardsMinotwasbornonDecember2,1885,atBoston,Massachusetts,U.S.A.Hisancestor,GeorgeMinot,hadmigratedtoAmericain1630,fromSaffronWalden,England.Hisfather,JamesJacksonMinot,wasaphysician,andhismotherwasElizabethWhitney.
InhisyouthMinotwasinterestedinbutterfliesandmoths,andhepublishedtwoarticlesonbutterflies.HewenttoHarvardUniversityandtheretookhisA.B.degreein1908,hisM.D.in1912,andgainedanhonorarydegreeofSc.D.in1928.
HedidhishospitaltrainingattheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandthenworkedatJohnsHopkinsHospitalandMedicalSchool,underW.S.ThayerandW.H.Howell.
In1915hewasappointedAssistantinMedicineattheHarvardMedicalSchoolandtheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandwaslaterappointedtoamoreseniorpostthere.
In1922hebecamePhysician-in-ChiefoftheCollisP.HuntingtonMemorialHospitalofHarvardUniversity,andlaterwasappointedtotheStaffofthePeterBentBrighamHospital.
In1928hewaselectedProfessorofMedicineatHarvardUniversityandDirectoroftheThorndikeMemorialLaboratoryandVisitingPhysiciantotheBostonCityHospital.
Minotearlybecame,whenhewasamedicalstudent,interestedinthedisordersofthebloodwithwhichhisnameisassociatedandhepublishedduringhislifemanypapersonthisandothersubjects.Arthritis,cancer,dietarydeficiencies,thepartplayedbydiet(vitaminBdeficiency)intheproductionofso-calledalcoholicpolyneuritisandthesocialaspectsofdiseasewereamongthesubjectsofhispapers.Furtherhestudiedthecoagulationoftheblood,bloodtransfusion,thebloodplateletsandthereticulocytesaswellascertainblooddisorders,andhedescribedanatypicalfamilialhaemorrhagicconditionassociatedwithprolongedanaemia.Healsostudiedtheconditionofthebloodincertaincasesofindustrialpoisoning.
Amonghisotherinterestswereleucaemia,disordersofthelymphatictissuesandpolycythaemia,buthismostimportantcontributionstoknowledgeweremadeinhisstudiesofanaemia.Hisnamewillalwaysbeassociatedwiththetherapyofperniciousanaemia,inwhichhefirstbecameinterestedin1914,butitwasnotuntillaterthathe,likeWilliamP.Murphy,becameimpressedbytheworkofGeorgeHoytWhippleonthetreatmentofexperimentalformsofanaemiaindogs,andin1926heandMurphydescribedtheeffectivetreatmentofperniciousanaemiabymeansofliver.ForthisworkheandMurphyandWhipplewereawarded,in1934,theNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine.Subsequently,Minot,incollaborationwithEdwinJ.Cohn,extendedthisworkbyshowingtheefficacyofcertainfractionsofliversubstanceandhedemonstratedthevalueofreticulocytereactionsintheevaluationoftherapeuticprocedures.Healsoaddedtoknowledgeofgastro-intestinalfunctionsandofirontherapyforanaemia,andtoknowledgeofotheraspectsofthisgroupofdiseases.
Minotwasmemberorfellowofnumerousmedicalandalliedorganizationsinhisowncountryandabroad,andservedasEditorofseveralmedicalpublications.Amongthemanyhonoursanddistinctionshereceived,maybementioned:theCameronPrizeinPracticalTherapeuticsoftheUniversityofEdinburgh,in1930(jointlywithW.P.Murphy),thePopularScienceMonthlyGoldMedalandAnnualAwardfor1930(jointlywithG.H.Whipple),andtheJohnScottMedaloftheCityofPhiladelphia.
OnJune29,1915,MinotmarriedMarianLinzeeWeld;thereweretwodaughtersandonesonbythismarriage.
Afteralongandbusylife,duringwhichhemademanyimportantcontributionstomedicalknowledge,especiallytothatofdiseasesoftheblood,Minotdied,fullofhonours,in1950.
FromNobelLectures,PhysiologyorMedicine1922-1941,ElsevierPublishingCompany,Amsterdam,1965
Thisautobiography/biographywasfirstpublishedinthebookseriesLesPrixNobel.ItwaslatereditedandrepublishedinNobelLectures.Tocitethisdocument,alwaysstatethesourceasshownabove.
GeorgeR.MinotdiedonFebruary25,1950.